000			02867nab a22004097a 4500
003			EC-PaCDF
005			20171205091959.0
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040			_aEC-PaCDF
041			_aeng
082	0	4	_222 _a597.9246165
100	1		_aFournié, Guillaume.
245	1	0	_aBiogeography of Parasitic Nematode Communities in the Galápagos Giant Tortoise: _bImplications for Conservation Management.
520	0		_aThe Galápagos giant tortoise is an icon of the unique, endemic biodiversity of Galápagos, but little is known of its parasitic fauna. We assessed the diversity of parasitic nematode communities and their spatial distributions within four wild tortoise populations comprising three species across three Galápagos islands, and consider their implication for Galápagos tortoise conservation programmes. Coprological examinations revealed nematode eggs to be common, with more than 80% of tortoises infected within each wild population. Faecal samples from tortoises within captive breeding centres on Santa Cruz, Isabela and San Cristobal islands also were examined. Five different nematode egg types were identified: oxyuroid, ascarid, trichurid and two types of strongyle. Sequencing of the 18S small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene from adult nematodes passed with faeces identified novel sequences indicative of rhabditid and ascaridid species. In the wild, the composition of nematode communities varied according to tortoise species, which co-varied with island, but nematode diversity and abundance were reduced or altered in captive-reared animals. Evolutionary and ecological factors are likely responsible for the variation in nematode distributions in the wild. This possible species/island-parasite co-evolution has not been considered previously for Galápagos tortoises. We recommend that conservation efforts, such as the current Galápagos tortoise captive breeding/rearing and release programme, be managed with respect to parasite biogeography and host-parasite co-evolutionary processes in addition to the biogeography of the host.
546			_aEnglish
653			_aGeography.
653			_aGeografía.
653			_aParasitic.
653			_aParasitarios.
653			_aNematode Communities.
653			_aComunidades de nematodos.
653			_aGiant Tortoise.
653			_aTortuga gigante.
653			_aGalápagos.
700	1		_aGoodman, Simon J. _9924
700	1		_aCruz, Marilyn. _9922
700	1		_aCedeño, Virna.
700	1		_aVélez, Alberto.
700	1		_aPatiño, Leandro.
700	1		_aMillins, Caroline.
700	1		_aGibbons, Lynda M.
700	1		_aFox, Mark T.
700	1		_aCunningham, Andrew A. _9921
773	0		_gVol. 10, no. 9 (September 2015), p. 1-18 _tPLOS ONE
856	0		_uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135684
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE
999			_c13013 _d13013