000			03158nab a22003977a 4500
003			EC-PaCDF
005			20210720144243.0
008			160809t20152015xxu|||||||||||||||||eng||
040			_aEC-PaCDF _bspa _cEC-PaCDF
041			_aeng
082	0	4	_a595.774 _223
100	1		_aBulgarella, Mariana. _95535 _eautor
245	1	0	_aHost range and community structure of avian nest parasites in the genus Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) on the Island of Trinidad / _cMariana Bulgarella and George E. Heimpel.
260	3		_c2015.
300			_a: 3695-3703 p.
520	0		_aParasite host range can be influenced by physiological, behavioral, and ecological factors. Combining data sets on host–parasite associations with phylogenetic information of the hosts and the parasites involved can generate evolutionary hypotheses about the selective forces shaping host range. Here, we analyzed associations between the nest-parasitic flies in the genus Philornis and their host birds on Trinidad. Four of ten Philornis species were only reared from one species of bird. Of the parasite species with more than one host bird species, P. falsificus was the least specific and P. deceptivus the most specific attacking only Passeriformes. Philornis flies in Trinidad thus include both specialists and generalists, with varying degrees of specificity within the generalists. We used three quantities to more formally compare the host range of Philornis flies: the number of bird species attacked by each species of Philornis, a phylogenetically informed host specificity index (Poulin and Mouillot's STD), and a branch length-based STD. We then assessed the phylogenetic signal of these measures of host range for 29 bird species. None of these measures showed significant phylogenetic signal, suggesting that clades of Philornis did not differ significantly in their ability to exploit hosts. We also calculated two quantities of parasite species load for the birds – the parasite species richness, and a variant of the STD index based on nodes rather than on taxonomic levels – and assessed the signal of these measures on the bird phylogeny. We did not find significant phylogenetic signal for the parasite species load or the node-based STD index. Finally, we calculated the parasite associations for all bird pairs using the Jaccard index and regressed these similarity values against the number of nodes in the phylogeny separating bird pairs. This analysis showed that Philornis on Trinidad tend to feed on closely related bird species more often than expected by chance.
546			_aInglés
653			_aAvian
653			_aAve
653			_aNest
653			_aNido
653			_aDiptera
653			_aMuscidae
653			_aIsland of Trinidad
653			_aIsla de Trinidad
653			_aGenus Philornis
653			_aGenus Philornis
653			_aParasites
653			_aParasitos
653			_acommunity
653			_aComunidad
700	1		_aHeimpel, George E. _95540 _eautor
773	0		_tEcology and Evolution _gVol. 5, No. 17 (Jul 2015), pp. 3695-3703.
856	4	0	_uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1621
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE
999			_c12681 _d12681